Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also spread to other parts of the body, such as the spine, kidneys, or brain. TB is transmitted through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, speaks, or even laughs. It does not spread through touch, food, or sharing utensils.

In India, tuberculosis remains one of the leading causes of lung disease, affecting millions each year. Individuals with weakened immune systems, poor nutrition, or living in overcrowded conditions are at higher risk. TB can remain latent (inactive) for years before becoming active, making early detection crucial.